
$20 billion is the amount Oracle (ORCL) filed to raise for artificial intelligence (AI). Investors responded by selling technology shares and buying the industrial and retail stocks that make up the Dow Jones Industrial Average. After advancing from just above 51,800 to just below 52,500, the index surrendered about two-thirds of the gain to trade just above 52,000. Trading throughout the session has remained within Friday's range.

Gains of 5.6% for Sherwin-Williams (SHW) and 3.3% for Home Depot (HD) came as construction spending recorded its biggest monthly fall since April 2020, driven largely by housing. Funding and deal developments sent Oracle, Marvell (MRVL) and Lumentum (LITE) down 6%-18%. None belongs to the Dow. Losses among the index's technology constituents were smaller: Nvidia (NVDA) slipped about 0.5%, while Apple (AAPL) shed 2% ahead of its results.
President Trump's statement that he was in no hurry to resume the war with Iran sent Crude Oil more than 7% lower. At 55.5, the Institute for Supply Management (ISM) factory index exceeded the 54.6 forecast, while its prices index declined to 75.2. With orders expanding and fuel costs falling, Dow manufacturers Honeywell (HON), 3M (MMM) and Boeing (BA) each gained more than 2%.
Friday's October nonfarm payrolls release at 13:30 GMT is expected to show 65K, up from 29K, while unemployment is forecast to remain at 4.2%. Before that, September job openings arrive on Tuesday at 15:00 GMT. Wednesday's ISM services index, also due at 15:00 GMT, is forecast at 54.8 versus 54.9 previously. All these releases have implications for demand at the industrial and retail companies driving the Dow's advance.
More than a third of the advance from the October 1 low just above 50,500 to the late-October high near 52,900 has been erased. The index now sits just beneath its 50-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA), near 52,100, but remains comfortably above the 200-day EMA near 50,750. After two weeks in overbought territory, daily momentum has moved out of that zone.


Among the world's oldest stock market indices, the Dow Jones Industrial Average comprises the 30 most actively traded US stocks. Weightings are based on share prices, not market capitalisation. To calculate the index, the constituent share prices are added together and divided by a factor, currently 0.152. Its founder, Charles Dow, also established the Wall Street Journal. In subsequent years, critics have questioned how broadly the index represents the market: it follows only 30 conglomerates, unlike wider benchmarks such as the S&P 500.
Quarterly earnings reports provide the principal driver of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), revealing the combined performance of its constituent businesses. Other influences include US and global macroeconomic releases, which shape investor sentiment. Interest rates determined by the Federal Reserve (Fed) also matter: they affect borrowing costs for the many companies that depend heavily on credit. Inflation, alongside other indicators informing Fed decisions, can therefore be a significant force behind the index.
Developed by Charles Dow, Dow Theory seeks to identify the stock market's primary trend. It calls for comparing the direction of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) with that of the Dow Jones Transportation Average (DJTA). A trend should only be followed when both indices move in the same direction, with trading volume providing confirmation. Peak-and-trough analysis also forms part of the method. Dow's framework identifies three phases: accumulation, as smart money begins buying or selling; public participation, as the broader public enters; and distribution, as smart money leaves.
Investors can access the DJIA through several instruments. ETFs offer a way to trade the index as one security without purchasing shares in each of its 30 constituent companies. The SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF (DIA) is a prominent example. Futures contracts allow traders to speculate on the DJIA's future value. Options, by contrast, confer the right, without an obligation, to buy or sell the index at a pre-agreed price on a future date. Mutual funds offer another route: investors purchase a share in a diversified portfolio of DJIA stocks, gaining exposure to the index as a whole.