
The reassuring UK budget delivered earlier this week has helped the British Pound (GBP) advance against the US Dollar (USD) for a third successive day on Friday. Attention is now turning to a widely anticipated interest rate rise from the Bank of England next week. At the time of writing, GBP/USD is testing six-week highs near 1.3420 and is set to record a third week of gains.

October's UK Nationwide Housing Prices were unchanged, Friday's figures showed, outperforming forecasts for a 0.2% fall. The reading followed a 0.3% decline in September.
A neutral UK budget continues to buoy Sterling traders after concerns surrounding the fiscal statement, against a backdrop of high public debt and bond market turmoil. For now, at least, the budget appears to have reassured markets. Since its release on Wednesday, the UK 10-year bond yield has fallen by nearly 10 basis points, giving the Pound renewed support.
Next week's monetary policy decision from the Bank of England has become the focus for investors. With recent economic releases pointing to continued UK growth and inflation still well above the bank's target, markets have almost fully priced in a 25-basis-point rate rise next week.
For the USD, ING analysts highlight risks surrounding the US midterm elections. They note that “A Democratic sweep is trading around 68% in prediction markets,” an outcome which, in their view, “could be seen as slightly negative for the US dollar from a few angles,” including “higher risk of government shutdown and gridlock on debt ceiling negotiations” and “potential damage to already shaky AI-related sentiment.” Given these risks, ING says it “would be cautious in chasing the USD upside in the next few days.”
Responsibility for the United Kingdom's monetary policy rests with the Bank of England (BoE). The bank's main objective is ‘price stability’, meaning a stable inflation rate of 2%, which it seeks to achieve by adjusting base lending rates. By setting the rates at which it lends to commercial banks and at which banks lend to one another, the BoE determines the broader level of interest rates across the economy. These decisions also affect the value of the Pound Sterling (GBP).
Inflation above the Bank of England's target prompts the bank to raise interest rates, increasing borrowing costs for households and businesses. Sterling benefits because higher rates enhance the UK's appeal as a destination for global investors' funds. By contrast, below-target inflation signals slowing economic growth and leads the BoE to consider cutting rates. Cheaper credit is intended to encourage businesses to borrow for investment in projects that generate growth, but is negative for the Pound Sterling.
When cutting interest rates cannot deliver the required outcome, the Bank of England can turn to Quantitative Easing (QE) as a last resort in extreme circumstances. The policy substantially expands the flow of credit through a stalled financial system. To implement QE, the BoE prints money and uses it to purchase assets from banks and other financial institutions, typically government bonds or AAA-rated corporate bonds. The usual effect is a weaker Pound Sterling.
As the economy strengthens and inflation begins to rise, quantitative tightening (QT) reverses the process of QE. Under QE, the Bank of England (BoE) buys government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to encourage lending. QT instead involves halting further bond purchases and no longer reinvesting the principal repaid when existing bond holdings mature. This policy is generally positive for the Pound Sterling.