
A 0.25% rise puts Dow Jones futures at around 52,050 in Monday’s European trading. S&P 500 futures are up 0.37% at around 7,640, while Nasdaq 100 futures have climbed over 70% to near 28,750.

Diplomatic efforts to resolve the Middle East conflict supported risk appetite and lifted US stock futures, although concerns persisted over renewed US military action against Iran. For a third consecutive day, Qatari and Iranian officials held talks, seeking an agreement to bring the war to an end before the forthcoming US midterm elections.
A busy week of major company results, economic releases and political events lies ahead for investors. Among the closely watched quarterly earnings reports are those from Apple, Palantir, AMD, Pfizer and McDonald’s.
Beyond company results, the US Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report and ISM manufacturing and services figures are among the major macroeconomic releases awaiting traders. Several Federal Reserve officials are also due to speak during the week, with their comments expected to shed further light on the central bank’s monetary policy path.
Growing expectations that the Federal Reserve could raise interest rates may temper traders’ appetite for risk following the initial improvement in sentiment. The CME FedWatch Tool puts the probability priced in for a December increase at roughly 71%. Recent US macroeconomic releases, pointing to a resilient economy and persistent inflation, have reinforced those expectations.
The gains this week follow losses across the main US stock indices in the previous week. A 2% fall in the technology-heavy Nasdaq Composite led the retreat; the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 0.85%, while the S&P 500 declined 0.57%. Towards the end of the week, disappointing technology earnings fuelled wider concerns over the sustainability of the AI trade, intensifying selling pressure.
With the US mid-term elections approaching, MUFG/BTMU analysts say market attention “will also be focused on the outcome from the US mid-term elections at the start of this week.” Pointing to the latest Polymarket odds, they say these “highlight that there are high expectations that the Republicans will lose control of Congress, and the Democrats could even take both the House and Senate,” with traders increasingly incorporating this political backdrop into their strategies.
Comprising the 30 most traded US stocks, the Dow Jones Industrial Average is among the world’s oldest stock market indices. Rather than weighting its constituents by market capitalisation, it uses their share prices. To calculate the index, the constituent share prices are added together and divided by a factor, currently 0.152. Its founder, Charles Dow, also established the Wall Street Journal. In subsequent years, critics have argued that the index is insufficiently representative: it follows only 30 conglomerates, in contrast to broader indices such as the S&P 500.
The combined performance of its constituent companies, as reported in their quarterly earnings, is the principal influence on the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), although many other factors play a part. Macroeconomic figures from the US and elsewhere also affect the index through their influence on investor sentiment. Interest rates set by the Federal Reserve (Fed) are another driver, since they determine borrowing costs for the many companies that rely heavily on credit. Inflation, along with other indicators that shape Fed decisions, can therefore have a significant effect.
Developed by Charles Dow, Dow Theory seeks to identify the stock market’s primary trend. It involves comparing the direction of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) with that of the Dow Jones Transportation Average (DJTA), following a trend only when both indices move in the same direction. Trading volume serves as confirmation, and the approach also draws on peak-and-trough analysis. Dow identified three phases within a trend: accumulation, as smart money begins buying or selling; public participation, as the broader public enters the market; and distribution, as smart money withdraws.
Investors and traders can gain exposure to the DJIA through several instruments. ETFs offer a way to trade it as a single security without buying shares in each of its 30 constituent companies; the SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF (DIA) is a prominent example. Futures contracts allow traders to speculate on the index’s future value. Options, meanwhile, give the holder the right, but no obligation, to buy or sell the index at a specified price at a future date. Through mutual funds, investors can purchase a share in a diversified portfolio of DJIA stocks, gaining exposure to the index as a whole.