
“at least two more quarter-point rate hikes” are necessary, Dallas Federal Reserve President Lorie Logan said on Friday. While forgoing a rate increase “doesn’t change policy destination,” she said, moving interest rates “gradually” lowers the risk of a sharp deterioration in the economy.
Describing rising inflation as “unacceptable”, Logan also said that, following 50 basis points of rate increases, “a pause would make sense” to assess the next steps.
At least two further quarter-point rate increases are needed from the Fed
The ultimate policy destination remains unchanged if a meeting is skipped
The risk of a sharp economic downturn can be reduced by adjusting policy gradually
Households, businesses and investors can adapt to higher rates more easily when policy changes are gradual
A modestly restrictive policy stance is the ultimate objective
Clarifying the eventual policy rate helps the economy adjust and benefit from a skipped increase
Inflation's failure to move back towards the Fed's 2% target is 'Unacceptable'
A pause after 50 bps of rate increases would make sense to assess which further measures are appropriate
The economy is receiving support from financial conditions
Rising market rates signal investors' belief that monetary policy still has work to do
Despite an increase, long-term rates are exerting less of a drag on the economy than might be expected
Solid consumer spending accompanies strong economic growth
The labour market remains balanced, though it may be tightening slightly

Responsibility for US monetary policy rests with the Federal Reserve (Fed), whose dual mandate is to maintain price stability and promote full employment. Interest rate adjustments are its main means of pursuing these objectives. If prices climb too rapidly and inflation exceeds the Fed’s 2% target, the central bank increases interest rates. Borrowing becomes more expensive across the economy, while the US becomes a more attractive destination for international investors' funds, strengthening the US Dollar (USD). Conversely, inflation below 2% or an excessively high unemployment rate may prompt the Fed to cut interest rates. The aim is to stimulate borrowing, but the move puts downward pressure on the Greenback.
At eight policy meetings each year, the Federal Reserve's (Fed) Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reviews the economic backdrop and decides on monetary policy. Twelve Fed officials attend the FOMC: all seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and four of the other eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents. Those four positions rotate, with each president serving a one-year term.
When conditions become extreme, the Federal Reserve may turn to Quantitative Easing (QE), a policy that sharply expands the supply of credit within a stalled financial system. This unconventional measure is used in crises or periods of exceptionally low inflation. During the Great Financial Crisis in 2008, it was the Fed's preferred policy tool. Under QE, the Fed prints additional Dollars to purchase high-grade bonds from financial institutions. The US Dollar generally loses strength as a result.
By reversing QE, quantitative tightening (QT) usually supports the value of the US Dollar. Under this process, the Federal Reserve ceases bond purchases from financial institutions and, as its existing bonds mature, does not reinvest the repaid principal in new bonds.