

During Monday's Asian session, WTI crude traded around $101.20 per barrel as prices retreated following three days of gains.
Better-than-expected third-quarter GDP readings from the eurozone and Germany helped lift the euro towards $1.1175 during early European trading on Monday. Meanwhile, mixed economic data from Australia and stronger manufacturing activity in China accompanied a fall in the Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar, leaving it among the weakest major currencies.
At Sunday's meeting, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies reached an agreement to maintain December oil production targets at existing levels.
Months of disruption across the Middle East have reduced inventories, limited tanker availability, strained alternative export routes and run down refined-product stocks, according to OCBC strategists Sim Moh Siong and Christopher Wong, even as Gulf exports recover. That export recovery has not brought Brent below $110 per barrel.
In the strategists' assessment, the growing constraint lies in transportation rather than production. Vessels have been tied up by extended voyages, security risks and route disruptions, driving freight costs higher. The increase in transport costs has, in turn, disturbed refined-product trade flows and raised replacement costs.
Reuters reported that, according to a Monday statement from the UK Maritime Trade Operations, two unidentified projectiles struck a tanker heading southeast through the Arabian Gulf. The incident occurred approximately 72 nautical miles east of Ras Al Khafji, Saudi Arabia.
In its Sunday report, the Guardian said Ukraine had restarted attacks on Russian oil refineries following a pause of about two weeks. Pressure from U.S. President Donald Trump ahead of the U.S. midterm elections had not prevented the resumption, according to the newspaper.
Speaking on Monday, European Central Bank Governing Council member Peter Kazimir said the debate was moving towards the amount of further ECB action required, rather than whether additional action was necessary. High inflation must not be allowed to become normalised, warned Kazimir, who also leads the National Bank of Slovakia.
He questioned whether allowing inflation time to spread and businesses time to pass on costs necessarily amounted to sound policy. Markets could still be underestimating the policy path needed, he added.
The government would take action against disorderly currency moves, Japanese Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama said on Monday. She also confirmed that Japan's joint foreign-exchange statement with the United States continued to apply.